GYNAECOLOGY

1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

What it is: Hormonal imbalance causing irregular periods, cysts on ovaries, acne, weight gain.

Treatments: Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise), hormonal birth control to regulate periods, medications like Metformin, fertility treatments if pregnancy is desired.

2. Endometriosis

What it is: Tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it, causing pain and sometimes infertility.

Treatments: Pain relief (NSAIDs), hormonal therapies (birth control pills, GnRH agonists), surgery in severe cases.

3. Fibroids (Uterine Leiomyomas)

What it is: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus causing heavy bleeding, pain.

Treatments: Medications to control bleeding and pain, hormonal therapy, surgical options like myomectomy or hysterectomy, uterine artery embolization.

4. Vaginal Infections (e.g., Bacterial Vaginosis, Yeast Infections)

What it is: Infections causing itching, discharge, irritation.

Treatments: Antibiotics for bacterial infections, antifungal creams or pills for yeast infections.

5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

What it is: Infection of the female reproductive organs, often due to sexually transmitted infections.

Treatments: Antibiotics, sometimes hospitalization if severe.

6. Menstrual Disorders

Examples: Heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), painful periods (dysmenorrhea), absence of periods (amenorrhea).

Treatments: Depending on cause, may include pain relief, hormonal therapy, lifestyle changes.

7. Ovarian Cysts

What it is: Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary, often harmless but can cause pain if large or ruptured.

Treatments: Watchful waiting, pain relief, surgery if cysts are large or persistent.

8. Cervical Dysplasia and HPV

What it is: Abnormal changes in cervical cells often caused by HPV infection; can lead to cervical cancer.

Treatments: Monitoring via Pap smears, procedures like LEEP or cryotherapy to remove abnormal cells.