Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. It deals with everything from the esophagus to the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. 🦠 What Gastroenterologists Treat They diagnose and manage conditions involving: Esophagus (e.g. acid reflux, swallowing disorders) Stomach (e.g. ulcers, gastritis) Small and large intestines (e.g. IBS, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) Liver (e.g. hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis) Pancreas (e.g. pancreatitis) Gallbladder (e.g. gallstones) Rectum and anus (e.g. hemorrhoids, anal fissures) 🍽️ Common Gastrointestinal (GI) Conditions GERD (Acid Reflux) Stomach acid flows into the esophagus, causing heartburn and discomfort. Peptic Ulcers Sores in the stomach or duodenum lining, often caused by H. pylori or NSAIDs. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) A functional gut disorder causing cramps, bloating, diarrhea or constipation. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which involve chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Celiac Disease An autoimmune reaction to gluten damaging the small intestine lining. Liver Disease Includes hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Gallstones Solid deposits in the gallbladder that may block bile flow. Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic. Colon Cancer Often detected via colonoscopy; early detection is key. Constipation & Diarrhea Common but sometimes symptoms of a larger issue needing medical attention. 🧪 Diagnostic Tools Used in Gastroenterology Endoscopy (viewing the upper GI tract) Colonoscopy (examining the large intestine) Ultrasound / CT / MRI Liver function tests Stool tests Capsule endoscopy (swallowing a tiny camera) 🥗 Maintaining Digestive Health Eat a high-fiber diet Stay hydrated Limit alcohol and caffeine Avoid processed foods and excessive sugar Exercise regularly Manage stress Get screened (especially for colon cancer after age 45 or earlier if high risk)